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Early |
Majeed et al., Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, doi:10.1155/2021/8447545 (Peer Reviewed) |
ventilation, ↓66.2%, p=1.00 |
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Nutritional Supplement (ImmuActive) for COVID-19 Patients |
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RCT 100 patients in India, 50 treated with ImmuActive (curcumin, andrographolides, resveratrol, zinc, selenium, and piperine), showing improved recovery with treatment. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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| Majeed et al., Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, doi:10.1155/2021/8447545 (Peer Reviewed) |
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Nutritional Supplement (ImmuActive) for COVID-19 Patients |
RCT 100 patients in India, 50 treated with ImmuActive (curcumin, andrographolides, resveratrol, zinc, selenium, and piperine), showing improved recovery with treatment.
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risk of mechanical ventilation, 66.2% lower, RR 0.34, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 45 (0.0%), control 1 of 47 (2.1%), continuity correction due to zero event.
risk of hospitalization, 79.7% lower, RR 0.20, p = 0.49, treatment 0 of 45 (0.0%), control 2 of 47 (4.3%), continuity correction due to zero event.
relative ordinal scale, 43.0% lower, RR 0.57, p = 0.004, treatment 45, control 47, day 28.
relative time to improve one unit on ordinal scale, 30.1% lower, relative time 0.70, treatment 45, control 47.
risk of no recovery, 24.6% lower, RR 0.75, p = 0.08, treatment 26 of 45 (57.8%), control 36 of 47 (76.6%), day 28.
time to viral-, 5.8% lower, relative time 0.94, p = 0.47, treatment 45, control 47.
Majeed et al., 10/11/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, India, South Asia, peer-reviewed, 4 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with andrographolides, resveratrol, zinc, selenium, and piperine) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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Late |
Hassaniazad et al., Phytotherapy Research, doi:10.1002/ptr.7294 (Peer Reviewed) |
no recov., ↑45.7%, p=0.90 |
A triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of curcumin-containing nanomicelles on cellular immune responses subtypes and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients |
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Small RCT with 40 low risk patients in Iran, 20 treated with nano-curcumin, showing no significant difference in outcomes with treatment. Authors note that treatment can improve peripheral blood inflammatory indices and modulate immune re.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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| Hassaniazad et al., Phytotherapy Research, doi:10.1002/ptr.7294 (Peer Reviewed) |
| A triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of curcumin-containing nanomicelles on cellular immune responses subtypes and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients |
Small RCT with 40 low risk patients in Iran, 20 treated with nano-curcumin, showing no significant difference in outcomes with treatment. Authors note that treatment can improve peripheral blood inflammatory indices and modulate immune response by decreasing Th1 and Th17 responses, increasing T regulatory responses, further reducing IL-17 and IFN-γ, and increasing suppressive cytokines TGF-β and IL-4.
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relative improvement in SpO2, 45.7% higher, RR 1.46, p = 0.90, treatment 20, control 20.
Hassaniazad et al., 9/19/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Iran, Middle East, peer-reviewed, 12 authors.
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Late |
Chabot et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.17829 (Peer Reviewed) |
Turmeric as a Possible Treatment for COVID-19-Induced Anosmia and Ageusia |
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Small case study of 2 patients, showing significant improvement in taste and smell shortly after one dose of a turmeric supplement. Authors note that the risk of one dose is low in healthy individuals not on medications metabolized by cyt.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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| Chabot et al., Cureus, doi:10.7759/cureus.17829 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Turmeric as a Possible Treatment for COVID-19-Induced Anosmia and Ageusia |
Small case study of 2 patients, showing significant improvement in taste and smell shortly after one dose of a turmeric supplement. Authors note that the risk of one dose is low in healthy individuals not on medications metabolized by cytochromes P450, and the potential benefit is high.
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Chabot et al., 9/8/2021, peer-reviewed, 2 authors.
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N/A |
Panda et al., Medicine, doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000026601 (Peer Reviewed) |
The enhanced bioavailability of free curcumin and bioactive-metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin from a dispersible, oleoresin-based turmeric formulation |
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Bioavailability RCT comparing CURCUGEN, a 50% curcuminoids-concentrated turmeric extract, with curcuminoids 95% standardized extract (C-95), showing significant improvements in bioavailability. |
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N/A
N/A
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| Panda et al., Medicine, doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000026601 (Peer Reviewed) |
| The enhanced bioavailability of free curcumin and bioactive-metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin from a dispersible, oleoresin-based turmeric formulation |
Bioavailability RCT comparing CURCUGEN, a 50% curcuminoids-concentrated turmeric extract, with curcuminoids 95% standardized extract (C-95), showing significant improvements in bioavailability.
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Panda et al., 7/9/2021, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
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In Vitro |
Guijarro-Real et al., Foods, doi:10.3390/foods10071503 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
in vitro |
Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CLPro) Activity |
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In Vitro study of several plant extracts, showing strong inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity by turmeric rhizomes. Commercial curcumin also inhibited 3CLPro activity, but did not fully account for the inhibitory effect of turmeric rh.. |
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In Vitro
In Vitro
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| Guijarro-Real et al., Foods, doi:10.3390/foods10071503 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
| Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CLPro) Activity |
In Vitro study of several plant extracts, showing strong inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity by turmeric rhizomes. Commercial curcumin also inhibited 3CLPro activity, but did not fully account for the inhibitory effect of turmeric rhizomes extracts, suggesting that other components of the turmeric extract also play a main role in inhibiting 3CLPro activity.
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Guijarro-Real et al., 6/29/2021, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
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Early |
Ahmadi et al., Food Science and Nutrition, doi:10.1002/fsn3.2226 (Peer Reviewed) |
hosp., ↓85.7%, p=0.24 |
Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in the management of mild to moderate outpatient COVID-19: A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial |
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RCT 60 outpatients in Iran, 30 treated with nano-curcumin showing lower hospitalization and faster recovery with treatment. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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| Ahmadi et al., Food Science and Nutrition, doi:10.1002/fsn3.2226 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in the management of mild to moderate outpatient COVID-19: A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial |
RCT 60 outpatients in Iran, 30 treated with nano-curcumin showing lower hospitalization and faster recovery with treatment.
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risk of hospitalization, 85.7% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.24, treatment 0 of 30 (0.0%), control 3 of 30 (10.0%), continuity correction due to zero event.
recovery time, 20.6% lower, relative time 0.79, p = 0.37, treatment 30, control 30.
Ahmadi et al., 6/19/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Iran, Middle East, peer-reviewed, 11 authors.
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In Vitro |
Goc et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253489 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
in vitro |
Phenolic compounds disrupt spike-mediated receptor-binding and entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virions |
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In Vitro study of 56 polyphenols showing that curcumin has high binding affinity to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, inhibits ACE2 at non-toxic concentrations, and decreases activity of TMPRSS2. Promising results were also seen fo.. |
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In Vitro
In Vitro
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| Goc et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253489 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
| Phenolic compounds disrupt spike-mediated receptor-binding and entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virions |
In Vitro study of 56 polyphenols showing that curcumin has high binding affinity to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, inhibits ACE2 at non-toxic concentrations, and decreases activity of TMPRSS2. Promising results were also seen for brazilin and theaflavin-3,3’-digallate.
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Goc et al., 6/17/2021, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
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Early |
Pawar et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.669362 (Peer Reviewed) |
death, ↓81.8%, p=0.02 |
Oral Curcumin With Piperine as Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial |
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RCT 140 patients, 70 treated with curcumin and piperine (for absorption), showing faster recovery, lower progression, and lower mortality with treatment. Control group partients also received probiotics. CTRI/2020/05/025482. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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| Pawar et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.669362 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Oral Curcumin With Piperine as Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial |
RCT 140 patients, 70 treated with curcumin and piperine (for absorption), showing faster recovery, lower progression, and lower mortality with treatment. Control group partients also received probiotics. CTRI/2020/05/025482.
risk of death, 81.8% lower, RR 0.18, p = 0.02, treatment 2 of 70 (2.9%), control 11 of 70 (15.7%).
risk of death, 60.0% lower, RR 0.40, p = 0.39, treatment 2 of 15 (13.3%), control 5 of 15 (33.3%), severe group.
risk of death, 90.9% lower, RR 0.09, p = 0.05, treatment 0 of 25 (0.0%), control 5 of 25 (20.0%), continuity correction due to zero event, moderate group.
risk of death, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 30 (0.0%), control 1 of 30 (3.3%), continuity correction due to zero event, mild group.
Pawar et al., 5/28/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, India, South Asia, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
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Review |
Rattis et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.675287 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
review |
Curcumin as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 |
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Review of curcumin for COVID-19 including potential antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and cytoprotective effects. |
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Review
Review
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| Rattis et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.675287 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
| Curcumin as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 |
Review of curcumin for COVID-19 including potential antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and cytoprotective effects.
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Rattis et al., 5/7/2021, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.
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Late |
Tahmasebi et al., Life Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119437 (Peer Reviewed) |
death, ↓83.3%, p=0.11 |
Nanocurcumin improves Treg cell responses in patients with mild and severe SARS-CoV2 |
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RCT 40 hospitalized, 40 ICU, and 40 control patients in Iran, showing lower mortality and improved regulatory T cell responses with nanocurcumin treatment (SinaCurcumin). |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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| Tahmasebi et al., Life Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119437 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Nanocurcumin improves Treg cell responses in patients with mild and severe SARS-CoV2 |
RCT 40 hospitalized, 40 ICU, and 40 control patients in Iran, showing lower mortality and improved regulatory T cell responses with nanocurcumin treatment (SinaCurcumin).
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risk of death, 83.3% lower, RR 0.17, p = 0.11, treatment 1 of 40 (2.5%), control 6 of 40 (15.0%).
risk of death, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 20 (0.0%), control 1 of 20 (5.0%), continuity correction due to zero event, non-ICU patients.
risk of death, 80.0% lower, RR 0.20, p = 0.18, treatment 1 of 20 (5.0%), control 5 of 20 (25.0%), ICU patients.
Tahmasebi et al., 3/28/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Iran, Middle East, peer-reviewed, 14 authors.
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Early |
Saber-Moghaddam et al., Phytotherapy Research, doi:10.1002/ptr.7004
(Peer Reviewed) |
progression, ↓94.3%, p=0.001 |
Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in management of mild to moderate hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 patients: An open label nonrandomized clinical trial |
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Details
Small prospective nonrandomized trial with 41 patients, 21 treated with curcumin, showing lower disease progression and faster recovery with treatment. IRCT20200408046990N1. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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| Saber-Moghaddam et al., Phytotherapy Research, doi:10.1002/ptr.7004
(Peer Reviewed) |
| Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in management of mild to moderate hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 patients: An open label nonrandomized clinical trial |
Small prospective nonrandomized trial with 41 patients, 21 treated with curcumin, showing lower disease progression and faster recovery with treatment. IRCT20200408046990N1.
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risk of disease progression, 94.3% lower, RR 0.06, p = 0.001, treatment 0 of 21 (0.0%), control 8 of 20 (40.0%), continuity correction due to zero event.
risk of no recovery, 38.4% lower, RR 0.62, p = 0.04, treatment 11 of 21 (52.4%), control 17 of 20 (85.0%).
hospitalization time, 44.8% lower, relative time 0.55, p < 0.001, treatment 21, control 20.
Saber-Moghaddam et al., 1/3/2021, prospective, Iran, Middle East, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.
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Early |
Dound et al., Journal of Clinical Trials, S3:004 (Peer Reviewed) |
7-point status, ↓33.3%, p=0.0001 |
A Randomized, Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Activity of CurvicTM Formulation for Management of SARS-COV-2 Infection (COVID-19) |
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Details
RCT 200 COVID-19 positive patients in India, 100 treated with Curcumin, Vitamin C, Vitamin K2-7, and L-Selenomethionine, showing faster recovery with treatment. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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| Dound et al., Journal of Clinical Trials, S3:004 (Peer Reviewed) |
| A Randomized, Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Activity of CurvicTM Formulation for Management of SARS-COV-2 Infection (COVID-19) |
RCT 200 COVID-19 positive patients in India, 100 treated with Curcumin, Vitamin C, Vitamin K2-7, and L-Selenomethionine, showing faster recovery with treatment.
relative improvement on 6-point scale, 33.3% lower, RR 0.67, p < 0.001, treatment 100, control 100.
Dound et al., 11/16/2020, Randomized Controlled Trial, India, South Asia, peer-reviewed, 5 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with vitamin C, vitamin K2-7, and l-selenomethionine) - results of individual treatments may vary.
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Review |
Kritis et al., Metabolism Open, doi:10.1016/j.metop.2020.100066 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
review |
The combination of bromelain and curcumin as an immune-boosting nutraceutical in the prevention of severe COVID-19 |
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Details
Review of the potential benefits of bromelain and curcumin for COVID-19, and potential synergistic effects of the combination. |
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Review
Review
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| Kritis et al., Metabolism Open, doi:10.1016/j.metop.2020.100066 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
| The combination of bromelain and curcumin as an immune-boosting nutraceutical in the prevention of severe COVID-19 |
Review of the potential benefits of bromelain and curcumin for COVID-19, and potential synergistic effects of the combination.
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Kritis et al., 11/13/2020, peer-reviewed, 4 authors.
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Late |
Valizadeh et al., Int. Immunopharmacol., doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107088 (Peer Reviewed) |
death, ↓50.0%, p=0.30 |
Nano-curcumin therapy, a promising method in modulating inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients |
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Details
Small RCT with 40 nano-curcumin patients and 40 control patients showing lower mortality with treatment. Authors conclude that nano-curcumin may be able to modulate the increased rate of inflammatory cytokines especially IL-1β and IL-6 mR.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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| Valizadeh et al., Int. Immunopharmacol., doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107088 (Peer Reviewed) |
| Nano-curcumin therapy, a promising method in modulating inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients |
Small RCT with 40 nano-curcumin patients and 40 control patients showing lower mortality with treatment. Authors conclude that nano-curcumin may be able to modulate the increased rate of inflammatory cytokines especially IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression and cytokine secretion in COVID-19 patients, which may improve clinical outcomes.
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risk of death, 50.0% lower, RR 0.50, p = 0.30, treatment 4 of 20 (20.0%), control 8 of 20 (40.0%).
Valizadeh et al., 10/20/2020, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Iran, Middle East, peer-reviewed, 12 authors.
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In Silico |
Sekiou et al., ChemRxiv, doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12181404.v1 (Preprint) |
In-Silico Identification of Potent Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) from Natural Products: Quercetin, Hispidulin, and Cirsimaritin Exhibited Better Potential Inhibition than Hydroxy-Chloroquine Against COVID-19 Main Protease Active Site and ACE2 |
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Details
In silico study of natural compounds identifying quercetin, curcumin, hispidulin, cirsimaritin, sulfasalazine, and artemisin as potential compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2. |
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In Silico
In Silico
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| Sekiou et al., ChemRxiv, doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12181404.v1 (Preprint) |
| In-Silico Identification of Potent Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) from Natural Products: Quercetin, Hispidulin, and Cirsimaritin Exhibited Better Potential Inhibition than Hydroxy-Chloroquine Against COVID-19 Main Protease Active Site and ACE2 |
In silico study of natural compounds identifying quercetin, curcumin, hispidulin, cirsimaritin, sulfasalazine, and artemisin as potential compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2.
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Sekiou et al., 4/24/2020, preprint, 4 authors.
In Silico studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
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