The Effect of Curcumin and Virgin Coconut Oil Towards Cytokines Levels in COVID-19 Patients at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
Hartono Hartono, B Suryawati, Y Sari, A Avicena, Maryani Maryani, C Sukmagautama, H Apriningsih, L Shofiyah, Rgh Novika, N J Wahidah, N Y Rahmawati, Anm Ansori, L Sumarno
Pharmacognosy Journal, doi:10.5530/pj.2022.14.27
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease reported to have emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It causes by a novel coronavirus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has grown rapidly and was declared a pandemic by WHO. 1 In patients with severe MERS, serum cytokine and chemokine levels are significantly higher than those in patients with mild to moderate MERS.
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION H
ABOUT AUTHORS
References
Abrahams, Haylett, Johnson, Carr, Bardien, Antioxidant effects of curcumin in models of neuro degeneration, aging, oxidative and nitrosative stress: A review, Neuroscience
Ansori, Kharisma, Muttaqin, Antonius, Parikesit, Genetic variant of SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Indonesia: Spike glycoprotein gene, J Pure Appl Microbiol
Avasarala, Zhang, Liu, Wang, London et al., Curcumin modulates the inflammatory response and inhibits subsequent fibrosis in a mouse model of viral-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome, PLoS One
Barnard, Kumaki, Recent developments in anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus chemotherapy, Pharmacognosy Journal
Bosi, Bosi, Querini, Mancini, Calori et al., Interferon β-1a (IFNβ-1a) in COVID-19 patients (INTERCOP): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, Trials
Channappanavar, Perlman, Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology, Semin Immunopathol
Chen, Lee, Chuang, Li, Ning et al., Curcumin inhibits HCV replication by induction of heme oxygenase-1 and suppression of AKT, Int J Mol Med
Danthi, Viruses and the diversity of cell death, Annu Rev Virol
Dong, Cao, Lu, Zhang, Du et al., Eleven faces of coronavirus disease 2019, Allergy
Dr, Sumarno, Si, was graduated from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Han, Xu, Guo, Huang, Curcumin ameliorates severe influenza pneumonia via attenuating lung injury and regulating macrophage cytokines production, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
Hartono, Sari, Novika, Avicena, Maryani, The Effect of Curcumin and Virgin Coconut Oil Towards Cytokines Levels in COVID-19 Patients at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, Pharmacogn J
Hartono, The Effect of Curcumin and Virgin Coconut Oil Towards Cytokines Levels in COVID-19 Patients at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital
Hartono, involved in Indonesia-National Adolescent Mental Health Survey by Universitas Gadjah Mada -John Hopkins University and in Clinical trial research on the effect of ethanol extract of gendarussa capsules as male nonhormonal contraceptives
Hima, Pratap, Karrunanithi, Ravichandran, Vasantharekha et al., Virgin coconut oil supplementation in diet modulates immunity mediated through survival signaling pathways in rats, J Complement Integr Med
Hussain, Tan, Yin, Blachier, Tossou et al., Oxidative stress and inflammation: What polyphenols can do for us?, Oxid Med Cell Longev
Intahphuak, Khonsung, Panthong, Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of virgin coconut oil, Pharm Biol
Kharisma, Ansori, Widyananda, Rizky, Dings, Herbal combination from Moringa oleifera Lam. and Curcuma longa L. as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral via dual inhibitor pathway: A viroinformatics approach, J Pharm Pharmacogn Res
Khedir, Mzid, Bardaa, Moalla, Sahnoun et al., In vivo evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Pistacia lentiscus fruit oil and its effects on oxidative stress, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
Kim, Oh, Kim, Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by curcumin inhibits oxidative stress in human nasal fibroblast exposed to urban particulate matter, BMC Compl Med Ther
Lai, Yan, Liao, Li, Ye et al., 3D-quantitative structureactivity relationship and antiviral effects of curcumin derivatives as potent inhibitors of influenza H1N1 neuraminidase, Arch Pharm Res
Liau, Lee, Chen, Rassol, An open-label pilot study to assess the efficacy safety of VCO in reducing visceral adiposity, ISRN Pharmacol
Lin, Luo, Qin, Yang, Wang et al., Long-term infection of SARS-CoV-2 changed the body's immune status, Clin Immunol
Luo, Zhang, Xu, Don't overlook digestive symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
Nur, Ansori, Si, Si, is a doctoral candidate in veterinary science at Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
Pacheo, Faria, The potential involvment of P2X7 receptor in COVID-19 pathogenesis: A new therapeutic target?, Scand J Immunol
Peter, Calming the storm: natural immunosupressants as adjuvants to target the cytokine storm ini COVID-19, Front in pharmacology
Pivari, Mingione, Brasacchio, Soldati, Curcumin and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevention and treatment, Nutrients
Ragab, Eldin, Taeimah, Salem, The covid-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far, Front. immunology
Ragab, Salah Eldin, Taeimah, Khattab, Salem, The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far, Front Immunol
Shirey, Blanco, Vogel, Targeting TLR4 signaling to blunt viral-mediated acute lung injury, Front Immunol
Soni, Mehta, Ratre, Tiwari, Amit, Curcumin, a traditional spice component, can hold the promise against COVID-19?, Eur J Pharmacol
Tanaka, Narazaki, Kishimoto, IL-6 in Inflammation, immunity, and disease
Tang, Liu, Zhang, Xu, Wen, Cytokine storm in COVID-19: The current evidence and treatment strategies, Front Immunol
Vysakh, Ratheesh, Rajmohanan, Pramod, Premlal et al., Polyphenolics isolated from virgin coconut oil inhibits adjuvant induced arthritis in rats through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, Int Immunopharmacol
Wong, Lam, Wu, Ip, Lee et al., Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome, Clin Exp Immunol
Xu, Liu, Curcumin alleviates macrophage activation and lung inflammation induced by influenza virus infection through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, Influenza Other Respir Viruses
Yao, Sun, Song, Protective effects of dioscin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, Front Pharmacol
Ye, Wang, Mao, The Pathogenesis and treatment of the cytokine storm in Covid-19, Journal of infection
Yeap, Beh, Ali, Yusof, Ho et al., Anti stress and antioxidant effects of virgin coconut oil in vivo, Exp Ther Med
Yedjou, Njiki, Enow, Ikome, Latinwo et al., Pharmacological effects of selected medicinal plants and vitamins against COVID-19, J Food Nutr
Yin, Guo, Li, Tang, Li et al., Curcumin suppresses IL-1β secretion and prevents inflammation through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, J Immunol
Youm, Nguyen, Grant, Goldberg, Kim et al., The ketone metaboliteβ-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease, Nat. Med
Yuli Rahmawati, Si, Sc, is a doctoral candidate in medical sciences at the Faculty of Medicine
Zentek, Buchheit-Renko, Ferrara, Vahjen, Kessel et al., Nutritional and physiological role of medium-chain triglycerides and medium-chain fatty acids in piglets, Anim Health Res Rev
Zuccotti, Trabattoni, Morelli, Borgonovo, Schneider et al., Immune modulation by lactoferrin and curcumin in children with recurrent respiratory infections, J Biol Regul Homeost Agents
